INTERACTIVE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
Amperatronics20260GUIDES
0+CALCULATORS
▸ Before you start
Ohm's Law
V = I × R
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. If you know two, you can find the third.
Kirchhoff's Laws
ΣV = 0 · ΣI = 0
Voltage around any loop sums to zero (KVL). Current into any node sums to zero (KCL).
AC / DC Basics
V(t) = Vₚ sin(ωt)
DC is constant; AC alternates. RMS voltage = Vₚ / √2. Frequency ω = 2πf.
Reactive Impedance
Xc = 1/ωC · XL = ωL
Capacitors block DC, pass AC. Inductors do the opposite. Impedance depends on frequency.
Decibels
dB = 20 log₁₀(V₂/V₁)
6 dB ≈ ×2 voltage. 20 dB = ×10. A logarithmic ratio scale for comparing signal levels.
Fundamentals
Circuit Topologies
Power & Output
Applications
Fundamentals
Circuit Topologies
Power & Output
Applications
Practical & Reference
Reference Articles
Fundamentals · 10 min
How Vacuum Tubes Work
From heated cathode to amplified signal
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Fundamentals · 12 min
Triode vs Tetrode vs Pentode
Three architectures, three characters
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Technical · 15 min
Understanding Loadlines
The graphical key to amplifier design
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Technical · 10 min
Biasing Methods
Setting the operating point
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Technical · 12 min
Reading a Datasheet
Decoding tube specifications
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Audio · 10 min
Parameters & Sound
Why specs predict sonic character
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Audiophile · 8 min
Tube Rolling
The art of sonic exploration
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Safety · 6 min
High Voltage Safety
Lethal voltages demand respect
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